Journal: Cell metabolism

Article Title: Ejection of damaged mitochondria and their removal by macrophages ensure efficient thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue

doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.02.016

Figure Lengend Snippet: KEY RESOURCES TABLE

Article Snippet: CD86 Antibody, anti-mouse, FITC, Miltenyi Biotec , Miltenyi Biotec , Cat# 130–123-672; RRID:AB_2889633.

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Recombinant, Cytometry, Purification, shRNA, Cell Culture, Lysis, XF Assay, Staining, Isolation, Transfection, Live Cell Imaging, Mouse Assay, Software, Expressing

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Microalgal-enhanced cerium oxide nanotherapeutics for alleviating inflammatory bowel disease via scavenging reactive oxygen species and modulating gut microbiota in colitis

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.101945

Figure Lengend Snippet: The protective effect of SP@CSC on HT29 cells under oxidative stress conditions. Representative images of intracellular ROS in HT29 cells under different treatments, as indicated by CLSM (a) and flow cytometry analysis (b), following stimulation with H 2 O 2 for 24 h. (c) Representative fluorescent images of JC-1 staining showing the mitochondrial membrane potential of H 2 O 2 -stimulated HT29 cells after treated with different formulations. JC-1 aggregates (red) and monomer (green) (d) Semi-quantitative analysis of the ratio of JC-1 aggregates (red) and monomer (green). (e) Annexin V-FITC/PI-PE staining comparing the differences in HT29 apoptosis among different groups. (f) Quantitative results of Annexin V+ cell rate. Data was shown as mean ± standard deviation (S.D) ( n = 3 per group). Statistical significance was performed by one-way ANOVA test with a Tukey's post hoc test. ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01. Data are presented as mean ± S.D., with n = 3 per group. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: Antibodies for flow cytometry, specifically CD206-PE and CD86-FITC, along with ELISA kits for catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-17 (IL-17), were purchased from Elabscience Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Staining, Membrane, Standard Deviation

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Microalgal-enhanced cerium oxide nanotherapeutics for alleviating inflammatory bowel disease via scavenging reactive oxygen species and modulating gut microbiota in colitis

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.101945

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characterization of CSC NGs and SP@CSC. (a) Photographic of CeO 2 , CS NGs and CSC NGs. (b) TEM image of CeO 2 , CS, CSC NGs. (c) The hydrodynamic size distribution of CS, CeO 2 , and CSC NGs. (d) UV spectra of the indicated materials. XPS survey spectrum of Ce 3d in CeO 2 (e) and CSC NGs (f), and the semi-quantitation of Ce 3+ /Ce 4+ . (g) Cerium content of SP@CSC under different weight ratios of SP and CeO 2 . (h) Zeta-potential of CeO 2 , CSC NGs, SP, and SP@CSC (n = 3). (i) SEM images of SP and SP@CSC. (j) CLSM imaging of SP@CSC. The SP exhibited autofluorescence (Cy5 channel) and CSC was labeled by FITC. (k) Releasing curves of CeO 2 from SP@CSC in SGF and SIF. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (S.D.), with 3 replicates per group. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01.

Article Snippet: Antibodies for flow cytometry, specifically CD206-PE and CD86-FITC, along with ELISA kits for catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-17 (IL-17), were purchased from Elabscience Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Quantitation Assay, Zeta Potential Analyzer, Imaging, Labeling, Standard Deviation

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Microalgal-enhanced cerium oxide nanotherapeutics for alleviating inflammatory bowel disease via scavenging reactive oxygen species and modulating gut microbiota in colitis

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.101945

Figure Lengend Snippet: SP@CSC alleviate IBD Inducing Factors in Macrophages. Cytoprotective effect of different treatments against H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells (a) and HT-29 cells (b). (c) Flow cytometry analysis of DCFH-DA staining in LPS-induced (1 μg/mL) RAW264.7 cells under various treatment conditions, along with (d) the corresponding quantitative evaluation. (e) Flow cytometry analysis of the proportions of CD86-positive and CD206-positive macrophages after LPS stimulation for 24 h. (f) Quantification of CD86-positive and CD206-negative cells across all groups. ELISA assays of typical proinflammatory of TNF-α (g), IL-6 (h). (i) Western blot assay for Nrf2, and HO-1expression of Raw 264.7 cells after LPS stimulation and treated with different treatments. Data are presented as mean ± S.D (n = 3 per group). Statistical significance was assessed using one-way ANOVA test. ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01.

Article Snippet: Antibodies for flow cytometry, specifically CD206-PE and CD86-FITC, along with ELISA kits for catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-17 (IL-17), were purchased from Elabscience Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Staining, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blot

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Microalgal-enhanced cerium oxide nanotherapeutics for alleviating inflammatory bowel disease via scavenging reactive oxygen species and modulating gut microbiota in colitis

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.101945

Figure Lengend Snippet: Therapeutic effects and immunomodulation properties of SP@CSC in vivo. (a) Overall design of animal experiments. Balb/c mice were fed with 3 % DSS for 7 consecutive days and orally administered different treatments or PBS every other day, starting from day 2, for a total of seven administrations. (b) Daily body weight changes in mice over 9 days (n = 5). (c) Colon length measurements for each group (n = 5). (d) DAI score for each group on day 9 (n = 5). (e) Representative photographs and hematoxylin and eosin-stained images of the retrieved colon tissues. Representative immunofluorescence images of F4/80 (red) (f) and CD86 (green) (g) in colonic tissues. (h) Semi-quantification of F4/80-positive areas (n = 3). (i) Semi-quantification of CD86-positive areas (n = 3). The levels of IL-6 (j), TNF-α (k), IL-17 (l) in the colon determined by ELISA assay (n = 3). Data are presented as mean ± S.D. ∗ P < 0.05 and ∗∗ P < 0.01 indicate statistical significance, as determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: Antibodies for flow cytometry, specifically CD206-PE and CD86-FITC, along with ELISA kits for catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-17 (IL-17), were purchased from Elabscience Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: In Vivo, Staining, Immunofluorescence, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Microalgal-enhanced cerium oxide nanotherapeutics for alleviating inflammatory bowel disease via scavenging reactive oxygen species and modulating gut microbiota in colitis

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.101945

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vivo distribution of SP@CSC. (a) Time-dependent in vivo fluorescence images of Balb/c nude mice following intragastric administration of IR783-labeled CSC NGs and SP@CSC (n = 3). (b) Quantification of fluorescence intensity in the mice. (c) Ex vivo fluorescence images of major organs, including heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and gastrointestinal (GI) tract, collected at different time points after intragastric administration, along with (d) quantification of fluorescence intensity in these organs. (e) Fluorescence images of colon tissues from mice gavaged with FITC-labeled CSC NGs and SP@CSC. (f) Schematic illustration of SP@CSC delivery.

Article Snippet: Antibodies for flow cytometry, specifically CD206-PE and CD86-FITC, along with ELISA kits for catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-17 (IL-17), were purchased from Elabscience Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: In Vivo, Fluorescence, Labeling, Ex Vivo

Journal: European journal of medical research

Article Title: Olfactory mucosa-mesenchymal stem cells with overexpressed Nrf2 modulate angiogenesis and exert anti-inflammation effect in an in vitro traumatic brain injury model.

doi: 10.1186/s40001-025-02344-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 4 Effects of OM-MSCsNrf2 on the microglial polarization in BV2 cells. A–D CD86 MFI (A, B) and CD206 MFI (C, D) in BV2 cells following the co-culture with OM-MSCs (ctrl) and OM-MSCsNrf2. scale bar: 100 μm. E–H Relative mRNA levels of Cd80 (E), Nos2 (F), Arg1 (G), and Fizz1 (H) in BV2 cells following the co-culture with OM-MSCs (ctrl) and OM-MSCsNrf2. Results of independent triplicates were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and the statistical difference between two groups was marked with asterisks (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001). OM-MSCs olfactory mucosa-mesenchymal stem cells, Nrf2 Nuclear Factor Erythroid-Derived 2-Like 2, MFI mean fluorescence intensity, Nos2 nitric oxide synthase 2, Arg1: arginase 1

Article Snippet: BV2 cells after the co-culture were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (#P1110, Solarbio® Life Sciences, China), treated with 100% pre-chilled methanol (#34885, Sigma, Germany) and incubated with 1% bovine serum albumin (#A8010, Solarbio® Life Sciences, China) for 1 h. Next, the cells were incubated with the following primary antibodies against TMEM119 (label: Alexa Fluor® 647, #ab225494, 1:500, Abcam, UK), CD86 (label: FITC, #NBP2-34569F, 1:500, Novus Biologicals, USA), and CD206 (label: Alexa Fluor® 488, #141709, 1:500, Bio-Legend, Inc., USA) at 4°C overnight.

Techniques: Co-Culture Assay, Standard Deviation, Derivative Assay, Fluorescence

Journal: Journal of Extracellular Vesicles

Article Title: Engineered Low‐Endotoxin Bacterial Biomimetic Vesicles for Enhanced Oral Dual‐Antigen Subunit Vaccine Delivery

doi: 10.1002/jev2.70207

Figure Lengend Snippet: Coupling of CSS‐BBV to GDH‐SpyTag and gD‐Fc double fusion proteins. (A) Schematic diagram of the CSS‐BBV dual fusion protein conjugate. CSS‐BBV was first conjugated with GDH‐SpyTag to obtain GDH‐CSS‐BBV, followed by adsorption of gD‐Fc, ultimately yielding GDH‐gD‐Fc‐CSS‐BBV. (B) Immunoelectron microscopy observation of CSS‐BBV dual antigen conjugation. Antibodies labelled with 10 nm (blue arrows) and 5 nm (red arrows) gold nanoparticles were used to recognize GDH and gD‐Fc on CSS‐BBV, respectively. (C) The formation of CSS‐BBV conjugated dual antigens were confirmed using Western blotting with a monoclonal antibody against His‐tag. (D, E) Schematic diagram of COS‐coated GDH‐gD‐Fc‐CSS‐BBV (D) and zeta potential measurements (E). (F) Transmission electron microscopy observation of COS‐coated GDH‐gD‐Fc‐CSS‐BBV. (G) Cytotoxicity of COS‐encapsulated GDH‐gD‐Fc‐CSS‐BBV. (H) Confocal microscopy observations of the GDH‐gD‐Fc‐CSS‐BBV@COS uptake by RAW264.7 cells after 24 h of incubation. The cell nuclei were stained with Hoechst, cell membranes were stained with CellMask and BBVs were labelled with DiD. Scale bar, 10 µm. (I, J) Flow cytometry of the proportions of CD11c + CD80 + and CD11c + CD86 + cells (I) 24 h after stimulation with 5 µg/mL gD‐Fc, GDH, CSS‐BBV‐GDH‐gD‐Fc, or CSS‐BBV‐GDH‐gD‐Fc@COS and statistical analysis of the data obtained (J).

Article Snippet: To assess the maturation state of the cells, immature BMDCs were treated with PBS, gD‐Fc, GDH, GDH‐gD‐Fc‐CSS‐BBV and GDH‐gD‐Fc‐CSS‐BBV@COS, cultured for 24 h, and then stained with APC‐conjugated anti‐mouse CD11c (1:20, Multisciences), FITC‐conjugated anti‐mouse CD80 (1:20, Multisciences), and PE‐conjugated anti‐mouse CD86 (1:1000, Tonbo Biosciences) to evaluate the maturity of BMDCs.

Techniques: Adsorption, Immuno-Electron Microscopy, Conjugation Assay, Western Blot, Zeta Potential Analyzer, Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, Confocal Microscopy, Incubation, Staining, Flow Cytometry